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Patients were not eligible to participate in this study if they had any of the following: blood pressure readings outside the 95th percentile (according to age and gender), a WISC-III IQ rating of less than 80, abnormal physical exam, current use of nonstimulant medication for the treatment of ADHD, a comorbid disorder, or a history of aggressive behavior serious enough to prohibit participation in ordinary classroom activities. Patients were eligible for participation if they met the following inclusion criteria: age 7 to 14 years, DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD, and a history of a clinically significant response to usual doses of methylphenidate (5 mg to 20 mg, administered orally in two to three divided doses). The study was designed to evaluate four different doses of Adderall (5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg) administered orally. Swanson and colleague 3 conducted a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study involving 30 children with ADHD.

It is primarily liver metabolized, and up to 37% is excreted by the kidney. The volume of distribution for amphetamine is about 3.5 to 6 L/kg. Cerebral spinal fluid concentrations of amphetamine reach approximately 80% of plasma concentrations. Amphetamine has good oral bioavailability. 2 Amphetamine has an onset of action of one to three hours, achieves peak plasma concentrations in two to four hours, and has a duration of effect of up to 10 hours. Dextroamphetamine is dialyzable by hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. It is extensively metabolized by the liver and is 17% to 37% renally eliminated. The volume of distribution for dextroamphetamine is approximately 6 L/kg. Cerebral spinal fluid concentrations of dextroamphetamine reach approximately 80% of plasma concentrations. Dextroamphetamine has extensive oral bioavailability. 1,2ĭextroamphetamine has an onset of action of two to three hours, achieves peak plasma concentrations in one to three hours, and has a duration of effect of four to 24 hours. Additionally, it is unknown how these emotional and behavioral abnormalities relate to the condition of the central nervous system. The mechanism of action for the emotional and behavioral modification seen in children is unknown. Peripheral effects including elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiratory stimulation, and weak bronchodilatory effects are also seen with amphetamines. Amphetamines are non-catecholamine, sympathomimetic agents, which have a stimulant effect on the central nervous system.

1,2 It is also indicated for narcolepsy, although there are no published trials to evaluate the drug for thisĪdderall is an amphetamine product that combines four amphetamine salts: the neutral sulfate salts of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine, dextroamphetamine saccharide, and amphetamine aspartate. May be viewed online atĭextroamphetamine/amphetamine (Adderall) by Shire Richwood Inc., of Florence, KY, is indicated for use as a part of a total treatment program, including psychological, educational, social components, for a stabilizing effect in children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and for a syndrome of persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and emotional liability. National Institute of Mental Health, NIH Publication 96-3572, 1996 reprint. Impulsivity: inability to curb immediate responses characterized by reacting before thinking will blurt out inappropriate comments difficulty waiting for things they want.Īdapted from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Hyperactivity: appearance of always being in motion inability to sit still (as through a lesson) tend to squirm in seats and roam around rooms intense feeling of restlessness in adults attempt to accomplish several things at once, bouncing from one activity to the next. Inattention: difficulty keeping one’s mind on any one thing may get bored with a task after only a few minutes may give effortless, automatic attention to activities and things enjoyed, but deliberate focus and attention to organizing and completing tasks or learning something new is difficult. The most common behaviors fall into three categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ADHD is a diagnosis applied to children and adults who consistently display certain characteristic behaviors over a period of time.